Wednesday, April 30, 2003
Monday, April 21, 2003
For better or worse, there is as yet no definitive "radical middle" (aka "planetary humanist," "third wave," etc.) political manifesto.
It sounds like I may have an opening. I find myself selfishly hoping they don't know what they're doing, so my ideas can have a chance. However, I find myself having to eat my own dog food of humility, as clearly a lot of what I thought was original has already been done, and in some cases at least done better.
Thursday, June 27, 2002
Saturday, June 15, 2002
Monday, April 29, 2002
He made it clear in his writings that quite considerable structure was required in society before the invisible hand mechanism could work efficiently. For example, property rights must be strong, and there must be widespread adherence to moral norms, such as prohibitions against theft and misrepresentation. Theft was, to Smith, the worst crime of all, even though a poor man stealing from a rich man may increase overall happiness.
One extremely positive aspect of a market-based economy is that it forces people to think about what other people want. Smith saw this as a large part of what was good about the invisible hand mechanism. He identified two ways to obtain the help and co-operation of other people, upon which we all depend constantly. The first way is to appeal to the benevolence and goodwill of others. To do this a person must often act in a servile and fawning way, which Smith found repulsive, and he claimed it generally meets with very limited success. The second way is to appeal instead to other people's self-interest.
Wednesday, April 24, 2002
- a radically "subjectivist" strain of Neoclassical marginalist economics (versus
Classical School) - a dedication to a prioristic "pure" theory, with an emphasis on
"methodological individualism" (versus German
Historical School). - the theory of alternative cost which reduces
all goods and factors, by "imputation", to the subjective valuation of consumer
goods (versus Classical School and Marshallian Neoclassicals) - a time-theoretic approach to capital and
interest (versus everybody else, esp. Chicago) - a monetary overinvestment theory of the
business cycle (versus Keynesians) - support for anti-cyclical monetary policy and, later, a free banking system (versus
Monetarists) - analyzing the time-consuming, disorganized competitive "market process" driven
by specific actors in disequilibrium rather than the properties of anonymous equilibrium
positions (versus Walrasians) - a stress on uncertainty and information in
the economy, in particular the informational role of prices (versus Walrasians) - a concern with the psychology of economic actors, in particular, the supremacy of
strategic, self-interested behavior when facing each other and political and social
institutions (versus many) - the importance of competitive markets and a price system in organizing a decentralized
morass of economic agents with limited knowledge into a harmonious order. (versus
Walrasians , Marxians and Keynesians) - a general political, economic and philosophical defense of laissez-faire
economic policy. (versus Keynesians, Marxians and Socialists).
Essentially, Sraffa uses a Ricardian model to claim that national output is completely independent of wages, prices, or consumer demand. Accordingly, governments can pursue their grandest redistributive schemes without damaging economic growth in the least.
by Mark Skousen
Social Economics seeks to explore the ethical foundations and implications of economic analysis, along with the individual and social dimensions of economic problems, and to help shape economic policy that is consistent with the integral values of the person and a humane community.
Associations for Pluralism in Economics
Who's who in the economic underworld.
The predecessor to Institutionalism is the German historical school. It was a mix of good ideas later adopted by Veblen and others, and a lot of nationalism which was later adopted by some unsavory German politicians.
Veblen's economic theories begin with instincts. He believed that man was meant to be studied as an animal, not a mechanical automaton using equilibrium models borrowed from physics. Veblen assumed that man has an instinct for workmanship, an instinct for idle curiosity and a 'parental bent' or an instinct for his own and children's survival.
These instincts gave rise to habits of thought, or institutions.
Veblen also made contributions to the theory of the firm. His main thesis was that production is undertaken for two reasons, to create useful things, 'the machine process' and to accumulate cash, 'the pecuniary process.'
One narrow definition (Andersen) is that evolutionary-economic explanation in the narrow sense is an explanation of a fact of economic life by reference to previous facts as well as to a causal link which (immediately or in reconstructed form) may be shown to include
(1) a mechanism of preservation and transmission,
(2) a mechanism of variety-creation,
(3) a mechanism of selection,
and which includes or may be enhanced by introducing
(4) a mechanism of segregation between different "populations".
The Association for Evolutionary Economics (AFEE) is an international organization of economists and other social scientists devoted to analysis of economics as evolving, socially constructed and politically governed systems.
The intellectual heritage of AFEE is that of the Original Institutional Economics (OIE) created and developed by early twentieth-century economists such as Thorstein Veblen, John R. Commons, and Wesley Mitchell. Over recent decades, this legacy has evolved to address such contemporary issues as:
-
The role of diverse cultures in economic performance. -
Domestic and international inequalities of income. -
The roles of social, economic and political power in shaping economic outcomes. -
Globalization and the increasing weight of multinational corporations in
the international economy. -
The need for expanding use of modern technologies to relieve want. -
The urgent need to for awareness of the impact of new technology on the
biosphere. -
The ways in which economic thought is affected by and affects always changing
economics.
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AFEE institutionalists maintain close intellectual ties with evolutionary
economists in the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy
(EAEPE) -
The Japanese Association for Evolutionary Economics (JAFEE), -
The Association for Institutional Thought (AFIT) -
Post-Keynesian study centers --Post
Keynesian Thought Internet Archive -
The Karl Polanyi Institute -
ICARE -
Center for Economic Policy Analysis
(CEPA) -
Communications for a Sustainable Future -
URPE Homepage -
Dollars & Sense
Magazine -
Left Business Observer -
Electronic Policy Network -
Corporate
Accountability Project -
Post Keynesian Thought Internet
Archive
By heterodox economics, we mean Marxism, institutionalism, Social Economics, Post Keynesian Economics, Sraffian Economics, Feminist Economics, Georgist Economics, Evolutionary Economics, Historical Economics, and Austrian Economics.
The main activity of the Association for Heterodox Economics (AHE) is the organisation of its annual international conference, where all economists are encouraged to come together and hear a diversity of papers on topics not well represented in mainstream economics. Papers from a plurality of perspectives and topic areas are encouraged.
One of the more respected alternatives to neoclassical economics. The Other Canon is 'Reality Economics', the study of the economy as a real object, not defined in terms of the adoption of core assumptions and techniques. A production-based economic theory where economic development is an intrinsically uneven process, The Other Canon provides tools for economic development and industrial policy. It appears to be identified as "instituationalist" economics.
by E. Roy Weintraub
A great summary of neoclassical theory, how it got here, and the alternatives.